The consumers of Coca-Cola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The consumers of Coca-Cola - Essay Example is advertising campaign is also carried to other targeted customers located in different parts of the globe through satellite broadcasting as well as the internet. These forms of communication are fast and instantaneous and they can reach different parts of the globe. The figure below shows the product involved in the mentioned advertising campaign. The consumer buying process is comprised of five stages namely: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternative, purchase decisions and post purchase decisions (Strydom, 2004). For real, this is a process not an event given that it goes through different stages. In most cases, it can be noted that consumers are always aware of their needs and they often search for information they can use to satisfy their needs. This is when the advertising campaign comes in handy when people are looking for information that can be used to satisfy their needs. In the case of Coke Zero advertising campaign, the target audience is men and th is can go a long way in providing the required information about the ideal product that can satisfy their needs. The advertising campaign is designed in such a way that it conveys the information that can influence the targeted group to develop a positive attitude towards Coke Zero. The message in this advertising campaign is: â€Å"defender and celebrator of guy enjoyment.† This message is designed in such a way that it captures the attention of the targeted customers such that they can be influenced to try the product. The other important aspect of the buyer decision process is related to evaluation of alternatives. According to Berry & Wilson (2001), marketers should always be aware of the fact that there are various alternatives in the market hence they should design their advertising... This essay aims to mainly draw from the case of Coke Zero advertising campaign to establish the extent to which it has or can influence the buying process of the targeted consumers. The paper starts by defining key terms as well as outlining the chosen advertising campaign. It can be concluded that consumer buying process is mainly influenced by a variety of factors such as advertising campaigns. This refers to a series of advertisements that are intended to positively change the behaviour of the targeted buyers. Carefully designed advertisement campaigns are likely to remind the customers about the existence of a certain market offering. These campaigns also raise awareness among the consumers about the product. However, as discussed above, the success of an advertising campaign mainly depends on the quality of the message presented by the marketers to the customers. As illustrated by the case of Coke Zero, the message is: â€Å"defender and celebrator of guy enjoyment.† This message is tailored in such a way that it appeals to the interests of the targeted male consumers. The way the message is presented in the campaign also has a bearing on the likely response of the customers. The case of Coke Zero shows that the product is presented as unique and different from other similar products found in the market. This is very effective since the strategy helps the company to gain a competitive advantage in its operations. This helps it to operate viably and effectively since it would be able to attract a lot of customers.

Aviation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aviation - Essay Example These constraints constitute environmental, technological, political and legal concerns. Airlines in different countries of the world are owned by both private and public owners and the pricing policy takes into consideration all the prominent players of the aviation industry, such as airports, ground transports, the customers, and freight forwarders. Apart from that, they consistently endeavour to maximise their profits and minimise costs paid to airport authorities (Adler et, el., n.d.,). Obviously this objective is achieved through the means of proper pricing policy. The current practices of airline pricing include the cost-based pricing method that takes into account all the costs encountered during the operation such as landing charges, passenger diverging charges, air tariffs, cargo charges, loading and unloading charges, security expenditures, engine charges and other charges applicable to specific situations. For instance, some airlines charge higher for night air travels while some charge noise charges in order to fund the suspension schemes concerning noise created by aircraft on the airport (Adler et, el., n.d.,). Some airlines also go for peak-period pricing, which refers to pricing at a higher rate for some specific business seasons while lower for the others. Although these methods are widely in practice within most of the airlines, yet few airlines charge different prices at different levels of services, seasons, markets etc. -2- Relation of Pricing Practices with Costs, Investment Decision and Aircraft Capacity Pricing practices prevailing among the airlines are closely knitted with the various costs, investment decision and aircraft capacity. In fact, pricing decisions are taken while considering all of these factors, as price can seriously affect them. An efficient pricing practice can lead an airline to alleviate costs, maximize revenues and operate efficiently with maximum utilization of aircraft capacity. Airlines base their pricing policy most prominently on costs, which are mainly the charges imposed on the airlines by the airport authorities plus other technological, aircraft maintenance and security expenditures. Airline pricing evidently reflects the exacerbation and alleviation of various costs encountered during the flight operations. As the costs rise, prices too go up and vice versa. Therefore, the major concern of airlines while devising an efficacious pricing policy remains to minimise the charges, fees and tariffs paid to airport for the purpose of maximising its revenues. Airline pricing practices can further be related to the investment decisions. Airlines do base their investment decisions on pricing through cost estimation in a way as discussed by Banker and Johnston (1993). They say that airlines base their investment decisions after estimating their costs drivers. Pricing is determined with the objective to minimise costs and enhance revenues. The revenues are in turn considered to further enhance their investment into innovative technology to get competitive edge over the other airlines in the industry. These investment decisions can only be made once all the costs likely to be encountered in the year is estimated well by airline. Therefore pricing leads to the estimation of various costs, which in turn takes an airline to devise its investment decisio

Strategies for Finding New Equity Capital

Strategies for Finding New Equity Capital Financial Management ABC plc has grown from a company with  £10,000 turnover to one with a  £17m turnover and  £1.8m profit in the last five years. The existing owners have put all their financial resources into the firm to enable it to grow. The directors wish to take advantage of a very exciting market opportunity but would need to find  £20m of new equity capital as the balance sheet is already over-geared (i.e. has high debt). The options being discussed, in a rather uniformed way, are flotation on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange, a flotation on the Alternative Investment Market and private equity. Write a report to enlighten the board on the merits and disadvantages of each of these three possibilities. Answer: Option 1 Floatation on the main market of LSE. Floating money from LSE will lead to listing of shares of the company. Demerits of listing shares on stock exchange will lead to increase in legal compliances, which will also increase the cost of the company. As the company has grown drastically during the past 5 years, it will be easy for raising money from market which will form part of merits of floating money from LSE. Risks will be shared and a new debt will not appear in balance sheet of the Company. On the other hand raising funds through stock market would lead to loss of ownership and control over the company. Option 2 Private Equity Private equity is raising money from handful of investors. Merits of raising funds through private equity are large amount of funds can be raised , the investors also be a part of management due to which the business is monitored closely by a third party, huge returns can be obtained from private equity investments. Some of the demerits of private equity are loss of management control and dilution of ownership in the Company. Option 3 Alternative Investment Market is getting investment form alternate sources. (Andrew Killick Head of Corporate Finance (South Region) Baker Tilly) Merits The regulations for raising money from Alternative Investment Market are lighter hence it saves the corporate expense. The paying of merger and acquisition is easier. Demerits There is loss of control as the institutions (investors) own large share in the company. Floatation puts the company in the spotlight and under scrutiny, and this continues throughout a public companys life which reduces the privacy. The company has to report results to a tighter timetable and to International Financial Reporting Standards. Management Accounting Management accounting team also come up with some questions and request you to explain/answer them for upcoming board meeting: What is the point of distinguishing between absorption and marginal costing? Why they report different profit, explain with an example? Answer: Example : Variable cost of a product x 10 p.u, fixed cost for the period 100000, Number of units produced 10000, closing stock 1000 units, material cost 15 p.u Value of closing stock under both methods- Marginal costing Closing stock = (Material cost+Variable cost) * Number of Units   = (15+10)*1000 = 25000 Absorption Costing Closing stock = Total cost throughout the year/ total units produced * closing stock = 100000 (fixed cost)+ 100000 (variable cost) + 150000 (material cost)/ 10000*1000 =350000/10000*1000 =35000 The management of XYZ company is concerned about the its inability to obtain enough fully trained labour to enable it to meet its present budget projection: Service A B C Total Variable costs Materials 8 6 7 21 Labour 11 8 14 33 Expenses 5 4 4 13 Allocated fixed cost 6 15 12 33 Total cost 30 33 37 82 Profit 17 4 4 25 Sales revenue 47 37 41 107 The amount of labour likely to be available amounts to  £23,000. All of the variable labour is paid at the same hourly rate. You are asked to prepare a statement of plans, ensuring that at least 50 per cent of the budgeted sales revenues are achieved for each service and the balance of labour is used to produce the greater profit. What steps could the business take in an attempt to improve profitability, in the light of the labour shortage?ANSWER To improve the profit in the light of labour, company should B is the most profited company as it has the maximum profit per unit labour. The second preference should be given to company A as it provides better profit per unit labour then company C. And company C is the last option with least profit per unit labour. MM plc makes Product E, the standard costs of which are: Sales Revenue  £40 Direct labour (1 hour) (13) Direct materials (1 kg) (12) Fixed overheads (5) Standard profit 10 The budgeted output for March was 1,000 units of Product E; the actual output was 1,100 units, which was sold for  £44,400. There were no inventories at the start or end of March. The actual production costs were: Direct labour (1,075 hours) £14,513 Direct Materials (1,170 kg)13,455 Fixed overheads 5,700 How flexible budget will help this company to identify the budget variance? ANSWER Flexible Budget Flexible budget calculates expenditure levels for variable costs. Depending upon the actual revenue different variable cost are considered. Flexible budget results in varying budget depending upon the activities performed. In this case the actual revenue of the company has exceeded the budgeted revenue. The factors affecting the actual revenue and budgeted revenue are Sales, Material, Fixed Overhead, Profit, Labour. So the difference between the actual and budgeted revenue can be easily calculated using Flexible budgeting. REFERENCES Andrew Killick Head of Corporate Finance (South Region) Baker Tilly)

Bush Intercontinental Airport-Houston

Bush Intercontinental Airport-Houston, is among the top few international airports in the U. S. The volume of tasks handled at this airport- the ninth busiest in the U. S- is enormous, yet it functions smoothly. The secret behind the smooth and hassle-free functioning of this airport is to be found in its strong, high-tech, state-of- art IS network. The airport consists of the four terminals-A, B, C and IAB that were built in over a period from 1969 to 1990, resulting in a mix of technologies to be managed by the Aviation MIS department.The network at the airport is primarily fiber-optic with T-1 lines connecting the Ethernet-based LANs at each airport to create a citywide WAN. A non-collapsible fiber ring around the city of Houston connects all the airports to the administration building. Even as the IAB had the newest technologies available, terminals A, B, and C handled the bulk of the traffic and revenue generated by the airport. Terminal C and a major part of terminal B are leas ed to Continental Airlines, who handle three-fourths of all the traffic. The network at the airport is leased from the local telephone company, Southwestern Bell telephone.The Department of Aviation (DOA) manages eight LANs supporting 455 personal computers and 12 servers. Four Stratus minicomputers also support airport operations. Two of the Stratus systems run IAH’s most crucial safety and scheduling system. A mainframe computer located in downtown Houston is connected to the DOA network. Over and above, each individual airline that has leased space from DOA has its own terminals for its own uses. There is a proposal to install OC3 servers, the equivalent of 100 T-1 lines as the backbone of the network, giving the IS here the cutting-edge technology.What are the key components of the IS infrastructure at IAH? Effective IS are critical for an airport to run smoothly. They save time. They ensure smooth overall functioning of the various sub-systems within the airport system. An advanced IS, as at IAH is not only a source of pride for the airport personnel, but helps determine an airline where to expand its services. What is even more significant, an advanced IS system can directly impact the bottom line of airport budget, as well as the entire economic success of the region in which the airport operates.IAH, the ninth busiest international airport in the United States boasts of a large complex information system. Some of the standard business applications used here are budgeting, records management, rates and charges, warehouse inventory and purchasing. There are various other tasks for which the airport requires the automated systems as flight information, security access control, ground transportation, paging/information, airfield lighting, radio and facility maintenance, vehicle maintenance, parking, concession tracking, and a wide range of planning, design and construction activities.It is in fact due to the advanced IS that a passenger waiting for a connecting flight here, for instance, feels comfortable and is able to taxi to a waiting lounge, pass through immigration, retrieve baggage, complete custom, check the video-display for connecting flight and use his wait-time to make calls, have a snack, visit the restroom and get to the gate in time to upgrade his seat.The passenger then boards his flight, handing the gate-attendant his electronic boarding pass which is computer-scanned at door of the plane, confirming that the passenger is cleared to board the plane for the next leg of his trip. Consider the software applications in this architecture. Which do you think are running on the local PCs and which are running on the servers or mainframes in the network? Softwares on the PCs used at IAH include standard business software applications for budgeting, record management, rates and charges, warehouse inventory applications and purchasing.They run on the local PCs, and are used by the airport personnel. Besides these, the ai rport requires the automated systems for managing flight information, security access control, ground transportation, paging/information, airfield lighting, radio and facility maintenance, vehicle maintenance, parking concession tracking, parking, design and construction tasks. The Microsoft Office suite including Word, Excel and Access is used. E-mail, calendaring and scheduling programs run in all the computers in Microsoft Outlook.They run on an exchange server. 1. Software on the PCs Standard Business Applications as well as Specialized Applications Standard Business Applications: budgeting, records management, rates and charges, warehouse inventory and purchasing. Specialized Applications: flight information, security access control, ground transportation, paging/information, air-field lighting, radio and facility maintenance, vehicle maintenance, parking, concession tracking, planning, design and construction. 2. Software on servers and mainframesE-mail, calendaring and Schedu ling programs in all computers in Microsoft outlook. What are the advantages and disadvantages to the DOA of leasing the networking from Southwestern Bell? Advantages 1. Fiber-optic network at the airport. 2. T-1 lines connecting the Ethernet-based LANs at each airport to create a city wide LAN. 3. A non collapsible fiber ring around the city of Houston that connects all the airports to the administration building. 4. Non collapsible ring ensures, if one link fails the entire network does not collapse.5. The improvement program will install OC3 service, the equivalent of 100 T-1. lines. 6. Innovation perspective. Disadvantages 1. The airport has four terminals built over a wide time frame resulting in a mix of technologies managed by Aviation MIS department. 2. The infrastructure needed to manage this airport must include both new and old technologies. 3. This mixture presents a challenge. 4. DOA itself manages eight LANs supporting 455 personal computers and 455 personnel. 5. Innov ation at the cost of smooth functioning.

A Study of factors affecting moving forward

To properly critique this article, many guidelines are considered which include: data analysis and findings, discussion of the implication/recommendations, the statement of he problem, a literature review, hypothesis or research questions, description of conceptual/theoretical framework, research designs, sample and population, explanation of data collection and measurement, and explanation of procedures. Introduction Spinal cord injury (SIC) is a traumatic and devastating event in any person's life (Chem., 2013).Spinal cord injury might be partial or total, but whichever type can cause impairment of physical mobility leaving those affected with challenges of coping with rehabilitation. However, current treatment entities to focus in the provision of care in the acute stage and the prevention and (Chem., 2013) treatment of complications (Chem., 2013). SIC continues to impact the lives of those affected and their families socially, physically, mentally, and spiritually. Independence t o the greatest ability of the patient is a long-term goal.By providing a multi-disciplinary team to treat a patient, it gives additional professional support to allow a more rounded, stronger, and more positive recovery. Although many scientists are studying nerve regeneration and conducting stem cell research (Chem., 201 3) for the retirement of SIC but the cure is still a long way off (Chem., 2013). However, self-perception, age, self-efficacy are factors influencing individuals with SIC to successfully moving forward without withdrawing from the society.Patients who effectively learn to cope and work with disabilities can then have a positive self-perception and achieve optimal self-efficacy. Today, asking questions, seeking answers, and implementing evidence-best practices will advance and guide how care is provided for the SIC patient with the goal of a more enriched life post-injury. Rehabilitation assists the individual to achieve he highest possible level of self-care and in dependence. This study was conducted in Taiwan, so it is vital to study the behaviors, cultures, and definitions when reviewing the literature.Varying health beliefs on illness and behavior are expected. The difference does not mean that the study is invalid or negative. The research design for this quantitative article Was a descriptive-correlation, cross-sectional study. They studied the relationships between â€Å"moving-forward behavior† and how it relates to age, demographics, and disease characteristics (Chem., 2013). Three characteristics were combined o define â€Å"moving-forward behavior: self-efficacy, self-perception, and social support.

Essay on Weapons of World War 2 - 1395 Words

Weapons and Artillery of World War II The result of World War II was affected by many different factors. One major factor which affected the war was the weapons and artillery used during the war. Since the beginnings of time, weapons have always been around. From swords and knives to nuclear weapons and missiles, weapons have evolved greatly throughout the years. The weapons and artillery used in World War II basically were evolved types of weaponry that were used during World War I (Military History 1). World War II began in 1939 when the German armies decided to invade parts of Europe, therefore causing Europeans to retaliate against the Germans (World War 1). World War II began because those countries which were defeated in World War I†¦show more content†¦A pistol, at times, could have decided whether a soldier would live or die in combat depending on the situation. Another factor which made the pistol a very important weapon was the fact that the pistol could be reloaded much faster than a rifle (Slayton 12). Another very powerful gun that was used in World War II was the Submarine guns. The submarine guns are much stronger and better than normal guns due to the fact that they have better firing distances (Military History 7). The submarine gun was built mainly for endurance and for accuracy. This gun had the accuracy to fire from 800 to at least 1,000 yards away and delivers a powerful blow to its victims. One problem which the gun had was the fact that it could dislocate a soldiers arm whenever it was fired. But finally the submarine gun was improved and is now less powerful which makes it easier for firing full automatic rounds along with pistol rounds (8). Another very important weapon used in World War II was the rifle. Most infantrymen were defined by their rifles (Slayton 34). To most men, this gun was the most important, due to the fact that it was their main protection against the enemy. Also, they were around their rifle more than any other weapon which gives the soldiers a more comfortable feeling around their rifles. Another gun which branches from the rifle is the machine gun. The Germans were mainly the ones who would take the credit for the invention of the machineShow MoreRelatedWeapons of World War 2 Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesWeapons and Artillery of World War II The result of World War II was affected by many different factors. One major factor which affected the war was the weapons and artillery used during the war. Since the beginnings of time, weapons have always been around. From swords and knives to nuclear weapons and missiles, weapons have evolved greatly throughout the years. The weapons and artillery used in World War II basically were evolved types of weaponry that were used during World War I (MilitaryRead MoreWeapons Of World War 2 Essay1770 Words   |  8 PagesAs the world went into World War One, it faced new technological advances that turned the view of battle forever. With the invention of many new killing machines, soldiers were now in the deadliest battlefields ever. From artillery blasts to machine gun fire, from air power to biological and weapons of mass destruction, the outcome of World War One would be deadly. It would be the first war to be the greatest motivator for technology at the beginning of the century. Read MoreWeapons and Tactics of WWI and WWII765 Words   |  3 PagesIn WW1 and WW2, the weapons and tactics of war were very important towards the different countries and sides. They each had a certain way of fighting and defending. In World War One, it was harder for people because it was earlier in the 1900s. 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The Suez CanalRead MoreAviation Development With Jet Propulsion Projects For Aircraft Within The Luftwaffe Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Second World War, Germany partook in numerous courses of research and development of weapons systems and platforms that were believed that they could help win the war more quickly and later hopefully turn the tide of the war. Of these the more ambitious and advanced attempts without doubt were the projects dubbed as Germany’s Wunderwaffen, or â€Å"Wonder Weapons†, by the nation’s Propaganda network. Several of these projects proved instrumental to advancement of many people of the world after the

Fundamentals of Management - 7193 Words

UNIT I ------------------------------------------------- Fundamentals of Management Meaning of Management- Management is the art of getting things done by a group of people with the effective utilization of available resources. An individual cannot be treated as a managing body running any organization. A minimum of two persons are essential to form a management. These persons perform the functions in order to achieve the objectives of an organization. Management is the group of activities which drafts plans, prepares policies and arranges men, money, machine and materials required to achieve the objectives. The above definitions reveal that management is the activity of man who struggles for better living in the complex and†¦show more content†¦If there is only one course of action, need for decision-making does not arise. The quality of decision taken by the manager determines the organizations performance. The success or failure of an organization depends upon the degree of right decision taken by the manager. Universal application: The principles and practices of management are applicable not to any particular industry alone but applicable to every type of industry. The practice of management is different from one organization to another according to their nature. Management is getting thing done: A manager does not actually perform the work but he gets things done by others. According to Knootz and O’Donnel, â€Å"management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups.† Management as a class or a team: A class may be defined as a group of people having homogenous characteristics to achieve common objectives. Engineers and doctors are grouped as a class in a society. Each and every doctor has the same objectives in life. Just like engineers and doctors’ the management are some of the specializations of management, specialists are appointed in the key posts of top management. Direction and control: A manager can direct his sub-ordinates in the performance of a work and control them whenever necessary. If the available resources are not utilized properly be him, he fails to achieve the corporate objectives in the absence of direction and control. Generally,Show MoreRelatedFundamentals of Project Management3669 Words   |  15 PagesModule: Fundamentals of Project Management Module Code: FPM12/1 Assignment number: 1  © Milpark Fundamentals of Project Management FPM12/1 Assignment 1 Year 12A / Page 1 Assignment Guidelines Guidelines for the successful submission of assignments Students are sometimes unsure as to what constitutes work of an acceptable standard when submitting an assignment. Naturally, programmes offered at different NQF Levels demand different types of responses. An NQF Level 4 or 5 qualification probablyRead MoreFundamentals of Financial Management10543 Words   |  43 PagesChapter 5 Currency Derivatives Lecture Outline Forward Market How MNCs Can Use Forward Contracts Non-Deliverable Forward Contracts Currency Futures Market Contract Specifications Trading Futures Comparison of Currency Futures and Forward Contracts Pricing Currency Futures Credit Risk of Currency Futures Contracts Speculation with Currency Futures How Firms Use Currency Futures Closing Out a Futures Position Transaction Costs of Currency Futures Currency Call Options Factors Affecting CallRead MoreThe Fundamental Issue Of Stakeholder Management1552 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Stakeholder theory The fundamental issue in stakeholder management is to specify stakeholders or answer this question that who stakeholders are. There is not much agreement on stakeholder definition among researchers and project management experts. 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Which is not emphasized by high-performance work systems? |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A. Silo thinking | B. Training | C. Development | D. Career management | | 7.    Which of the following statements about expert systems is false? |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A. Expert systems help avoid the errors that can result from fatigue and decision-making biases. | B. Expert systems provide consistency in decision makingRead MoreInstructor’s Manual Fundamentals of Financial Management60779 Words   |  244 PagesInstructor’s Manual Fundamentals of Financial Management twelfth edition James C. Van Horne John M. Wachowicz JR. ISBN 0 273 68514 7 ï £ © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to photocopy the book as required.  © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk Previous editions publishedRead MoreFundamentals of Project Management and Business Decisions1445 Words   |  6 PagesFundamentals of Project Management and Business Decisions Professor Porfirio Chen Case Study #1: The Benfield Column Repair Project David Luo 29/02/2013 CASE ANALYSIS OF: THE BENFIELD COLUMN REPAIR PROJECT Introduction / Background This case is about an important South African coal, chemical and crude-oil Company called â€Å"Sasol†. The case is developed around the Benfield Unit of the Gas Circuit as Sasol Three. Sasol is an International integrated energy