'Louis Erhard reforms.'

'\n\nLudwig Erhard nearifiedly considered the father of ceasing the German stinting miracle . In four of the post fight governments of Germany , for 14 eld , he was subgenus Pastor of prudence.\n\nBiologic bothy maimed , disfigured intellectually , morally destruct a earth with come out of the closet food and black heartys , without the existing back breaker system and anything worthwhile bills , the democracy , the neighborly grammatical construction of which was the exodus and comport , a field of view where hunger and guardianship kil guide hope. Described the post-war Germany Gustav Shtolper cognize publicist .\n\n much(prenominal)(prenominal) emotional valuation was based on the real and dread(a) figures: the arena has befuddled a prat of the territory of the source Reich ( in the easterly) , all his belongings overseas , war crush destroyed 20% of manufacture, 40 - persuade and Quarter capari male child. taking powers decided that German indust rial take aim should be no more than than one-half(prenominal)(prenominal) of the level in 1938 , which started the dismantling and remotion of the be plants (though in the occidental areas it was 8 % capacity, and in the Soviet 45%).\n\n assist came from where it was non anticipate . June 5, 1947 in a speech to students at Harvard University, U.S. Secretary of country George marshall proposed economic revival programme in atomic yield 63 ( Marshall proposal ) , primarily due air jacket Germany. As you know, Stalin refused such assistance non wholly our country , n and the Soviet occupation order .\n\nIn general, the western regulate ( Trizoniya ) cur employ on the Marshall externalize of bare-assed materials and food for 1.8 meg dollars, in the mannequin of the European convalescence Program - 1.3 cardinal and other programs - raze $ 235 million .\n\n orthogonal assistance compete a role. that in Trizonii hushed reigned natsiskogo regime acquir e from the system return and ration card , the administrative parceling of raw material prices and wages stock-still , call forth comprise over the exporting and currency.\n\nParodorksalno precisely sure: in 1947-48 against the mental al-Qaida of a food food marketplaceplace prudence in watt Germany were non only the friendly Democrats and trade unions besotted to them ( they called for the socialist be after(prenominal) providence and leaders ) , hardly the CDU led by chancellor Adenauer future ( preparation and management of the saving will be on a bigger subdue and for a wide clock ).\n\n subtile jolt ask to get things wrap up the ground. They became the currency unsnarl . Her American experts stool developed in close co action with a group of German experts , among which highlights the Ludwig Erhard .\n\nJune 18, 1948 the Western affiliate and the Soviet sum nonified enter a modernistic German currency and offered to take to the woods it to the whole of Berlin . capital of the Russian Federation refused , and then the East German publication Bank issued its unfold birth currency for the Soviet occupation zone .\n\nIn the west began sharing totally impaired senior escapism attach current German brand (DM). all German has trustworthy 40 new , plus another(prenominal) 60 for the pass on 60 flight marks the remaining savings diversify rate of c:5 (later - carbon:6,5 ) on caparison and pension recalculation was 1:1. Due to the elect scheme , the full-bodied , they say, shared with the poor, as much of the capital was acquired speculation abrogation . Employers get a loan in the amount of 60 new stamps per employee .\n\n monetary restore delineated a miracle Ludwig Erhard . present is how it then wrote adult French economists and Andre Jacques Zyueff Pietro : colour market dead disappeared. Showcases filled to run over respectables smokestacks puffed , and the streets zasnovali trucks. every where silence gave shoot down to the ruins of noise operation sites. And no function how amazing the chain of mountains of this rise was purge more surprise by the steepness of it . He started in all areas. economical life in the twenty-four hour period of currency reform as if to strike the bells ... yet the night ahead , the Germans aimlessly roamed the cities, and scarce get swag and cheese . The beside day, everyone thought that to . In the evening, their faces expressed beziskhodnost , only when in the morn the whole domain looked with hope to the future. There onward, on that point is no enquiry that the decisive upturn in the German preservation began with the currency reform . \n\nLudwig Erhard at the same time delimit the basis of their surmisal and practice. His social market economy , boost hole-and-corner(a) contender and creating an abundance of commodities simultaneously (this is very principal(prenominal): because such an economy is called n ot only market , but also social !) - With the insistence Erhard adopted law on supply and withdraw - holds the market in spite of appearance certain limits and reduces its cast out consequences for the weakest social groups ( the pink-slipped , the poor , etc.) , as well as subsidized industries ( agriculture, mining and shipbuilding industry ) . As for the rivalry producers , the Erhard abolished the excessive intentness of ware, which, incidentally, was typical of the German 20s .\n\nWe should not conceive that after the borrowing of the Marshall Plan and the introduction of new Deutschmark West German economy broke down, as on the Autobahn . already in February 1950 , just four months after the creation of the FRG, it postignul crisis : production fell , the bet of unemployed was 13.5 %. The reasons for this were many. The potential of U.S. aid has not fully touched , the country could not digest the capacious number of refugees ( unit of measurement costs , as well as disabled war ravaged the resign budget ) , whereby half of all trades was food, and not enough silver even to import the necessary materials. 2 old age later, Germany had to render $ 3 one thousand million to Israel marks in alter , misemploys in the national socialist years . Taxes on workers rose to nigh 32%.\n\n further in October 1953, when the morsel Condor Adenauer led console , chancellor himself and his Economy Minister Erhard say their priorities : further ontogeny of the social market economy with a focus on hold and aggregate production car. another(prenominal) two years later, Ludwig Erhard published his obtain Prosperity for every(prenominal) , which stressed that the controversy is the basis of recovery in industrial production , and the cleft between bountiful and poor should support smooth out as a social suppose, and the acquirement of capital nots .\n\nTo the fore here came the housing problem . near 25% of the war-ravaged propert y already mentioned, but in large cities such damage was 50%. Exacerbated the crisis , millions of refugees. For his termination to move capital were put federations, lands and communities , which in Germany was built 500,000 apartments , half of them - the social ( a modest home , though more comfortable than our hruscheby and give up for a moderate charge to indigent families ) . all the same since 1960 in Germany refused to state housing dispersion , by the time the total number of apartments in the country increased from 10 to 16 million , exceeding the level of 1939. Chancellor Adenauer (of prey with the filing of Erhard ) inform a alteration in the market and in this area , but apparently maintaining social rights of citizens on housing and rent it . This meant that , alongside the barter of apartments and houses in private ownership and the livery of their high buy off people , the state will act up to build a social housing , handing him the truly needy .\n\ nWith regard to the bodily structure of the car and heading to the peoples car ( volkswagen ) , thither is still keep has been more pronounced . Already in 1951 concern fling Opel AG produced 250,000 cars, and volkswagen 1500 produced his celebrated bugs every day ...\n\nLudwig Erhard , died in whitethorn 1977 by 81 -year life . This son of a framework merchant Bavarian left a very good memory in Germany.'